Argentina's current population is more than 36 million inhabitants, almost half of which live in the city and the province of Buenos Aires. Population density calculated on a national basis is 13 inhabitants per square kilometer. 95% of the population is white and most are descendants of Italians and Spaniards. As a result of the massive European immigration, the white and Indian half-castes were slowly reduced and at the present they amount only to 4.5% of the population. The pure indigenous population - Mapuches, Collas, Tobas, Matacos and Chiriguanos - amount to 0.5% of the population.

Argentina's cultural roots are predominantly European, which is clearly reflected in its architecture, music, literature and lifestyle. It has an intense cultural activity as seen in the festivals, expositions, cinemas, theatres, and concerts that take place in the principal cities. Buenos Aires has approximately 100 cinemas and 90 theatres making it a center-point of major theatrical activity in Latin America. The Colon Theatre stands out for its architecture and its perfect acoustics and is visited by the world's outstanding classical music, ballet and drama personalities. Painting and sculpture are given great importance and are reflected in the prestigious art galleries around the country.

The characteristic music of the city of Buenos Aires is the world-famous tango. Folklore includes several and varied rhythms and styles according to the different regions of the country.